Polyamines are crucial for brain function. ATP13A4 is the main polyamine transporter in astrocytes, impacting astrocyte morphology, synapse formation, and neurodevelopment. Mutations in ATP13A4 are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders.
LRRK2-G2019S affects iron homeostasis in macrophages by dysregulating iron-related proteins. This leads to impaired ferritinophagy, increased oxidative stress, and cell death, highlighting LRRK2's role in iron regulation in Parkinson's Disease.
