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  • Open science takes on Parkinson’s disease

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    This article explains the Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) initiative's commitment to open science by taking a deep look into how the initiative contributes to the open science movement.

  • pCAG-GST-ATG13 (363-392)

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    Plasmid for mammalian expression of GST tagged ATG13 (363-392).

  • Presynaptic autophagy is coupled to the synaptic vesicle cycle via ATG-9

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    Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway essential for neuronal health and function. Autophagosome biogenesis occurs at synapses, is locally regulated, and increases in response to neuronal activity. The mechanisms that couple autophagosome biogenesis to synaptic activity remain unknown. In this study, we determine that trafficking of ATG-9, the only transmembrane protein in the core autophagy pathway, links the synaptic vesicle cycle with autophagy. ATG-9-positive vesicles in C. elegans are generated from the trans-Golgi network via AP-3-dependent budding and delivered to presynaptic sites. At presynaptic sites, ATG-9 undergoes exo-endocytosis in an activity-dependent manner. Mutations that disrupt endocytosis, including a lesion in synaptojanin 1 associated with Parkinson’s disease, result in abnormal ATG-9 accumulation at clathrin-rich synaptic foci and defects in activity-induced presynaptic autophagy. Our findings uncover regulated key steps of ATG-9 trafficking at presynaptic sites and provide evidence that ATG-9 exo-endocytosis couples autophagosome biogenesis at presynaptic sites with the activity-dependent synaptic vesicle cycle.

  • His-ATG3-T244A

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    Plasmid for ATG3 T244A mutant overexpression in E.Coli.

  • In Silico analysis links the NSL complex to Parkinson’s disease and the mitochondria – Protein-protein interaction data to functional enrichment analysis

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    A bioinformatics approach taken to investigate the interactome of the NSL complex, to unpick its relevance to Parkinson’s disease progression.

  • Fiber Photometry (Mouse)

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    This protocol describes the procedure for fiber photometry in awake behaving mice. It includes details on the surgical implantation of fibers.

  • In situ architecture of the lipid transport protein VPS13C at ER–lysosome membrane contacts

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    Loss-of-function mutations in VPS13C are responsible for rare cases of familial early onset Parkinson’s disease. Using cryo-ET, the authors provide in-situ evidence for a bridge-model of VPS13 in lipid transport.

  • pCAG-OSF-ATG13 (2-197)-L151D

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    Plasmid for expression of human ATG13 HORMA L151D mutant in mammalian cells.

  • Measurement of GLP-1 release in cell supernatant from Hutu-80 enteroendocrine cells via ELISA

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    Measurement of GLP-1 release in cell supernatant from Hutu-80 enteroendocrine cells via ELISA

  • Structural basis for the specificity of PPM1H phosphatase for Rab GTPases

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    Raw data associated with DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152675

  • LC3-lipidation-assay

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    Protocol for an in vitro LC3 lipidation assay using purified proteins and synthetic liposomes.

  • Membrane Tube Image Analysis

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    This protocol details Membrane Tube Image Analysis.

  • Bile acids and neurological disease

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    This review will focus on how bile acids are being used in clinical trials to treat neurological diseases due to their central involvement with the gut-liver-brain axis and their physiological and pathophysiological roles in both normal brain function and multiple neurological diseases. The synthesis of primary and secondary bile acids species and how the regulation of the bile acid pool may differ between the gut and brain is discussed. The expression of several bile acid receptors in brain and their currently known functions along with the tools available to manipulate them pharmacologically are examined, together with discussion of the interaction of bile acids with the gut microbiome and their lesser-known effects upon brain glucose and lipid metabolism. How dysregulation of the gut microbiome, aging and sex differences may lead to disruption of bile acid signalling and possible causal roles in a number of neurological disorders are also considered. Finally, we discuss how pharmacological treatments targeting bile acid receptors are currently being tested in an array of clinical trials for several different neurodegenerative diseases

  • Hippocampal Neuronal Culture

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    This protocol describes the procedure for hippocampal neuronal cultures from new - born mouse pups.

  • pCMV-DNAJC5-ΔJ (Δ14–82)

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    Mammalian expression of DNAJC5-ΔJ (Δ14-82)

  • Western blot – alpha-synuclein

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    This protocol describes how to detect alpha-synuclein in protein derived from STC-1 cells by western blot using DAB/peroxidase or ECL to visualize the bands.

  • Oligo2-cre;Ercc1-/fl mice

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    Oligodendrocytes may experience higher levels of DNA damage and potential senescence due to internal factors.

  • Creating pooled CRISPR-Cas9 knock-outs in NIH-3T3 cells

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    To validate a genome wide CRISPR screen, the authors select the top hits and create lentiviruses to validate the hits.

  • Single-molecule Immunofluorescence Tissue Staining Protocol for Oligomer Imaging V.3

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    This protocol details background fluorescence quenching and immunofluorescence staining of human brain tissue for oligomer imaging.

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