Crossing the blood–brain barrier in primates is a major obstacle for gene delivery to the brain. Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) promise robust, non-invasive gene delivery from the bloodstream to the brain. However, unlike in rodents, few…
Modern neuroscience approaches including optogenetics, calcium imaging, and other genetic manipulations have facilitated our ability to dissect specific circuits in rodent models to study their role in neurological disease. These approaches…
Cholinergic neurons (CNs) in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) are lost in the course of Parkinson’s disease. PPN CNs have a distinctive physiological phenotype that shares only some of the features of other selectively vulnerable neurons in PD.
