Spatial genomics of AAVs reveals mechanism of transcriptional crosstalk that enables targeted delivery of large genetic cargo

Output Details

Preprint October 31, 2024

Published March 20, 2025

Cell-type-specific regulatory elements such as enhancers can direct expression of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) to specific cell types, but this approach is limited by the relatively small packaging capacity of AAVs. In this study, we used spatial genomics to show that transcriptional crosstalk between individual AAV genomes provides a general method for cell-type-specific expression of large cargo by separating distally acting regulatory elements into a second AAV genome. We identified and profiled transcriptional crosstalk in AAV genomes carrying 11 different enhancers active in mouse brain. We developed spatial genomics methods to identify and localize AAV genomes and their concatemeric forms in cultured cells and in tissue, and we demonstrate here that transcriptional crosstalk is dependent upon concatemer formation. Finally, we leveraged transcriptional crosstalk to drive expression of a 3.2-kb Cas9 cargo in a cell-type-specific manner with systemically administered engineered AAVs, and we demonstrate AAV-delivered, minimally invasive, cell-type-specific gene editing in wild-type mice that recapitulates known disease phenotypes.
Tags
  • AAV (Adenoassociated Virus)
  • Cell type
  • Gene therapy
  • Mouse
  • Original Research

Meet the Authors

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    Gerard Coughlin, BSc

    Key Personnel: Team Gradinaru

    California Institute of Technology

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    Mate Borsos

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    Bre'Anna Barcelona

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    Nathan Appling

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    Acacia Mayfield, PhD

    Key Personnel: Team Gradinaru

    California Institute of Technology

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    Elisha Mackey

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    Rana Eser

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    Cameron Jackson

  • User avatar fallback logo

    Xinhong Chen

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    Spripriya Ravindra Kumar

  • Viviana Gradinaru, PhD

    Lead PI (Core Leadership): Team Gradinaru

    California Institute of Technology